Teotihuacan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Mexico.

Located just outside of Mexico City, Teotihuacan offers the opportunity to step back in time and explore one of the most influential cities in Mesoamerica. The visit to Teotihuacan is an experience that is not to be missed.

If you are fascinated by ancient civilizations, the Pyramid of the Moon is a must-see.

The Pyramid of the Moon is the 2nd largest pyramid in Teotihuacan after the Pyramid of the Sun. It is located at the northern end of the Avenue of the Dead and runs through the heart of the ancient city of Teotihuacan.

The Pyramid of the Moon is a monumental pyramidal structure that rises to a height of 43 to 45 meters and spans a base that is 130 to 156 meters long. The Pyramid of the Moon was built between 100 BCE and 450 CE.

The strategic location of the Pyramid of the Moon on the edge of Teotihuacan’s ceremonial plaza and its proximity to the Pyramid of the Sun suggests its importance in the religious and ceremonial life of this ancient city.

History of the Pyramid of the Moon

This enormous structure is a truncated pyramid, its top was cut off to create a flat surface, probably for ceremonial purposes. It is believed to have been dedicated to the Moon Goddess, and there is evidence of rituals and sacrifices performed in honor of this deity.

The construction of the pyramid lasted several centuries, with additions and modifications made over time.

The most notable architectural style of the Pyramid of the Moon is the talud-tablero technique, a distinctive feature of Teotihuacan architecture. This style features slanted (talud) and vertical (tablero) walls.

This design later influences the architecture of the Maya and Aztecs (Mexica).

Symbolism and Function of the Pyramid

The Pyramid of the Moon was a powerful symbol in the Teotihuacan worldview.

Situated at the end of the Avenue of the Dead, its orientation likely reflected the city’s deep connection to the cosmos. It is thought to represent the center of the world, a concept common to many ancient cultures.

The pyramid’s location highlights its role in the cosmic and spiritual layout of the city.

The Plaza of the Moon, which lies in front of the pyramid, contains several altars and a distinctive cruciform structure, highlighting the pyramid’s religious significance and its connection to fertility, the moon, and water.

All these elements were essential to the Mesoamerican worldview.

Excavations and Discoveries

Researchers have discovered tunnels beneath the pyramid, indicating multiple stages of construction. Each new stage was larger and more complex than the last, and each addition was built on top of older structures.

Archaeological excavations beneath the Pyramid of the Moon have provided insights into the history of Teotihuacan. In 2007, beneath the pyramid, was discovered an ancient tomb dating back to the 4th stage of construction.

The tomb contained a human sacrifice, numerous animal remains, and over 400 ceremonial objects. These finds shed light on the rituals performed and provide insight into the religious practices of the Teotihuacan people.

The Pyramid of the Moon Today

Today, the Pyramid of the Moon remains a major tourist attraction and an important archaeological site. Visitors can explore the pyramid and its surroundings, gaining a deeper understanding of the civilization that built it.

The Pyramid of the Moon continues to be a symbol of the mystery and grandeur of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, still capturing the attention of scholars, historians, archaeologists, and travelers from around the world.

These ancient marvels continue to captivate archaeologists, historians, and tourists alike, inviting us to unravel their secrets and understand their significance in the complex tapestry of Mesoamerican history.

The Pyramid of the Sun

The Pyramid of the Sun, known as “Pirámide del Sol” in Spanish, is the largest pyramid in Teotihuacan and one of the largest in the world. It stands approximately 66 m tall and covers an area of about 55,000 sq m.

Its sheer magnitude is a testament to the engineering prowess of the ancient Teotihuacanos.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the Pyramid of the Sun is its alignment with the cardinal directions. Its sides are precisely oriented to the north, south, east, and west, suggesting a deep understanding of astronomy and celestial navigation among the builders.

This alignment has led to speculation that the pyramid may have had astronomical and cosmological significance, possibly serving as a giant astronomical observatory.

Another mystery surrounding the Pyramid of the Sun is its construction timeline and the identity of the people who built it.

Teotihuacan was at its peak between the 1st and 7th centuries AD, and it remains unclear whether the pyramid was constructed by a single civilization or over multiple generations.

This uncertainty adds an element of intrigue to the pyramid’s history.

The Pyramid of the Moon

The Pyramid of the Moon (“Pirámide del Luna”) is another remarkable structure in Teotihuacan. It is slightly smaller than the Pyramid of the Sun but equally significant in terms of its historical and cultural importance.

The Pyramid of the Moon also displays precise alignment with the cardinal directions.

One theory suggests that the Pyramid of the Moon served as a ceremonial center, possibly for rituals related to the moon and the cycles of the lunar calendar. This theory is supported by the discovery of various offerings and human sacrifices at the pyramid’s base, indicating its role in religious practices.

The Pyramid of the Moon is also known for its proximity to the Avenue of the Dead, a central thoroughfare in Teotihuacan lined with various structures and smaller pyramids.

This avenue likely played a crucial role in the city’s religious and ceremonial activities, with the Pyramid of the Moon acting as a focal point.

Unraveling the mysteries

Despite decades of research and excavation, mysteries surrounding the pyramids of Teotihuacan remain unsolved. Questions about their creators, their purposes, and the subtleties of their cosmological significance continue to intrigue scientists.

The Pyramids of Teotihuacan stand as enduring symbols of the advanced civilization that once thrived in the region.

Their awe-inspiring presence continues to inspire wonder and fascination, making them a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the rich history and mysteries of ancient Mesoamerica.

As further exploration and study of these remarkable structures continue, the secrets hidden within their stone walls for centuries may one day be uncovered, shedding light on the enigmatic world of Teotihuacan and its profound connection to the Sun and the Moon.